Hair Covering for Orthodox Jewish Widows and Divorced Women: A Normative Analysis
The question of whether Orthodox Jewish women must cover their hair upon widowhood or divorce is complex and varies among individual communities and individuals. This article delves into the legal and normative frameworks that guide these decisions, offering insights into traditional customs and contemporary considerations.
The Significance of Hair Covering in Orthodoxy
For many Orthodox Jewish communities, the practice of covering hair is a matter of religious and social observance. According to Shulhan Arukh Even HaEzer 21:2, a married Orthodox Jewish woman is required to cover her hair as a sign of modesty and piety. This mandate is based on rabbinic injunctions derived from Torah teachings.
Hair Covering after Divorce
Post-divorce, the obligation for women to cover their hair is governed by both Torah law and rabbinic rulings. While a Torah-level obligation applies solely to married women, rabbinic obligations extend to all Jewish women who have ever been married. This applies even if the marriage was dissolved through a gett (a formal certificate of divorce).
The Role of the Gett in Divorce
The gett plays a crucial role in divorce as it formally releases the wife from her status as a married woman. According to Igrot Moshe Even HaEzer IV 32:4, in cases where a woman's hair covering might present an obstacle to her remarriage, an exception can be made. For instance, a woman who has obtained a gett and is no longer considered married might be permitted to stop covering her hair, as it may facilitate her readjustment and potential remarriage.
Practices Among Widows and Divorced Women
The practices among widows and divorced women can vary widely. Some women continue to cover their hair, viewing it as a deep-seated tradition that represents their identity and faith. Others, like the individual mentioned in the examples, may find relief in being released from this obligation, particularly if it aligns with their personal beliefs and goals.
Personal Choices and Community Norms
Personal choices in this area often reflect a balance between personal beliefs and communal expectations. Although there is no uniform rule, many communities respect individual decisions, understanding the complexities involved in such life changes. A divorced woman like BH, mentioned in the example, found it more satisfying to no longer cover her hair after obtaining a gett, as it indicated her new status and aligned with her personal values.
Conclusion
The practice of hair covering for Orthodox Jewish women, especially in cases of widowhood and divorce, is influenced by a blend of Torah law and rabbinic rulings. While there is general consensus that a married woman should cover her hair, post-marital status (divorce or widowhood) can lead to exceptions. These exceptions are tailored to individual circumstances, with a primary goal of facilitating social and religious integration.
Understanding the nuances of this practice requires an appreciation of the diverse interpretations within Orthodoxy and the evolving dynamics of Jewish life in contemporary society. Each case is unique, and personal and communal respect for such individual choices is essential.