Hair Smoothing Treatments: Risks, Regulations, and Alternatives
The FDA and Formaldehyde in Hair Relaxers
In October 2023, the FDA announced its intention to propose a ban on formaldehyde, a known human carcinogen, from hair relaxers. However, they missed their original deadline to implement this ban. This article explores the reasons behind the delay and the broader implications of this missed deadline, particularly in light of other harmful chemicals like glyphosate in food and pesticides.
Understanding Glyphosates and Their Impact
Glyphosates, a widely used herbicide, are commonly applied to food crops. Additionally, homeowners often use lawn chemicals containing glyphosates, perceiving them as benign. However, these chemicals are carcinogenic and can leach into water supplies, affecting both human and environmental health. The continued use of glyphosates highlights the complexity of the regulatory landscape, where large industries often prevent stricter regulations that could protect public health.
The Risks of Keratin Smoothing Treatments
Keratin smoothing treatments, such as Brazilian keratin treatments, have gained popularity in the beauty industry. However, these treatments contain high levels of formaldehyde, a known carcinogen. The Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Agency (OSHA) and the Center for Research in Occupational and Environmental Toxicology (CROET) have warned of the significant risks associated with exposure to formaldehyde during these treatments.
Health Risks and Regulatory Responses
The treatments, marketed under various brand names, contain unacceptable levels of formaldehyde, which can irritate the eyes, nose, and lungs. Consumer and stylist complaints include difficulty breathing, skin irritation, and nasal and throat problems. Oregon OSHA analyzed samples using five different test methods and found formaldehyde levels well above regulated levels in both "formaldehyde-free" and "original" versions of the product.
Chemical Composition and Health Effects
Formaldehyde is a chemical released during the high-temperature treatment of hair, forming oxymethylene crosslinks with amino acids in the hair. While the treatment provides temporary smoothing, the extreme heat releases formaldehyde vapors, posing a significant health risk. Even in well-ventilated areas, these vapors can exceed safe levels, especially during multiple treatments.
Regulatory Standards and Safety Measures
The American Conference of Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has noted that a portion of the population may be more sensitive to formaldehyde exposure, which can lead to headaches, mood changes, and respiratory issues. The FDA and other regulatory bodies have set specific limits for formaldehyde in cosmetics, but these limits do not account for the high-temperature release during hair treatments.
Alternatives and Consumer Education
While keratin smoothing treatments offer a range of benefits, consumers should be aware of the potential health risks and opt for formaldehyde-free alternatives. Research before purchasing and choosing treatments that prioritize user safety can significantly reduce these risks. Educating consumers and salon staff about the dangers of formaldehyde exposure is crucial in mitigating the health risks associated with these treatments.
Conclusion
The FDA's delay in banning formaldehyde from hair relaxers highlights the challenges in implementing stricter regulations, especially in the face of powerful industries. Public awareness and education are essential in advocating for safer products and protecting public health. Hair smoothing treatments have improved significantly in recent years, and formaldehyde-free alternatives are available, making it more important than ever to prioritize health and safety.