How Do Houses Withstand High Winds Compared to Tornadoes? A Comparative Analysis

Tornado vs. High Winds: A Comparative Force

High winds can be a destructive force, but they are fundamentally different from the concentrated, swirling winds of a tornado. Hurricane and tornado winds are both measured, but the measurement methods and the forces at play are quite different. In this article, we will explore how houses withstand high winds and tornadoes, comparing the forces at work.

Tornadoes and Their Impact on Buildings

Tornadoes are among the most destructive weather phenomena, capable of causing catastrophic damage to buildings and infrastructure. These rotating columns of air can generate wind speeds of over 200 miles per hour (mph), far exceeding the 86 mph often discussed in meteorological reports. However, the structure and orientation of tornadoes mean that the forces exerted on buildings are more localized and unpredictable compared to sustained high winds.

The wind speeds measured in hurricanes are taken at a standard height of 10 meters (about 30 feet) above the ground. This means that the surface and roof of buildings experience wind speeds that are often significantly lower. In contrast, a tornado's winds are extremely concentrated, often localized to a specific area with higher speeds. For example, a tornado funnel may only be 10-30 meters across, and a person standing on the ground may experience 26-46 mph winds at their head or shoulders, while a nearby roof edge or eave may experience 60-86 mph winds.

Hurricanes and Sustained High Winds

Hurricanes, on the other hand, are massive storm systems that can produce sustained high winds well above 86 mph. These winds are measured at the standard height, meaning that houses built to withstand these winds can generally weather the storm. In fact, many hundreds of thousands of houses have withstood the winds of large and small hurricanes with wind speeds often exceeding 86 mph. These houses are typically constructed with materials and designs that are specifically engineered to withstand such forces.

Comparing Forces: Hurricane vs. Tornado

When comparing the forces exerted by hurricanes to those of tornadoes, it becomes clear that tornadoes are far more destructive. Hurricane winds are sustained over long periods, while tornadoes are intense but relatively short-lived. The higher concentration and localized nature of tornado winds means that damage can be much more severe, often occurring in narrow swaths through which the tornado travels.

For instance, a tornado that hit near a discussion area may have cut a 20-foot wide swath through trees, leaving the trees outside that "notch" completely unscathed. This is due to the localized and concentrated nature of tornado winds, which can have much higher speeds in very specific areas.

Conclusion: Understanding Wind Forces

Both hurricanes and tornadoes are capable of generating high winds, but the forces and impacts are quite different. Houses are built to withstand sustained high winds, often exceeding 86 mph, but they are less prepared for the concentrated, twisting gusts of tornadoes. By understanding the nature of these forces, we can better prepare buildings and communities for the risks posed by both hurricanes and tornadoes.

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